


D 21 

W573 
1818 
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QUESTIONS, 



t. HATTED rO THE 1I11KD EDITION Oh 



WHELPLEY'9 



CUMPE.VD OF HISTORY 



BY JOSEPH EMERSON, 

- I TOR. or BYFIELD StMI^RT. 



HEWBUJIYPOBT ; 

PUJ VIV.D BY \. ■ rNGSj 

And v>ld by Chw it; W ipj>1e, M( w bl ri j>«>rt ; Renrj 

Whipple, Salem; & 5.T. Anr.itrong.Uoston. 

1818. 






DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT t 

District Clerk's Office. 

BE it remembered, that on the nineteenth day of September, 
A. D. 1818, and in the forty-third year of the Independence of 
the United States of America, Joseph Emerson, of the said dis- 
trict, has deposited in this office the title of a book, the right 
whereof he claims as Author, in the words following, to wit ; — 
" Questions, adapted to the third edition of Whelplcy's Cotr-prnd of 
History. By Joneph Lmrrson, Instruilor of Byf eld Seminary." 

In conformity to the act of the Congiess of the United States, 
entitled" An act for the encouragement of learning, by secur- 
ing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and pro- 
prietors ofBuch copies, during the times therein mentioned;" 
and also to an act entitled, "An act, supplementary to an act, 
entitled, an act for the encouragement of learning, by securing 
the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the auihors and propri- 
etors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned; and 
extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engrar- 
ing, and etching historical and other prints.'" 

JNO. W. DAVIS, 
Clerk of the District of Massachusetts. 



m MCHANnf 



** 'OS 



PRKFAGB. 

Htslory i w ritlen in llifl 

liism. And this method lias certainly very 
considerable advantages. But it is perhaps impossible to 
a Compend iu this Form, of anj considerable lengthi 
which wMI nol be Pound ex remely dry and uninteresting, 
unless the answers are so long, as to lose the advantages of 
this form. 

Bj means of separate printed questions we may n" 
the advantages of an unbroken, nninterrupted, interesting 
i) vrrat i\ c. gain all the adva I the ealtchetical form, 

and it is thought, some • " advantages m ad- 

dition. 

One iuconvcnicncc of separate questions, however, is the 
difficulty, that even teachers may sometimes find, in ascer- 
taining the precise answer to he given. In the following 
questions an attempt is made to obviate this difficulty. 
Where there appears any rosin for doubt, the first and last 
parts of the answer are inserted. Sometimes the whole 
answer is inserted, where it is necessary to change the ex- 
pressions, for the sake of brevity, or accommodation to the 
answer. When these alterations are small and obvious, 
however, suidi as substituting a participle for a verb, a pro- 
noun for a noun, <S:e. they uie generally left to the judg- 
ment of the learner. 

In a few instances the questions are, for obvious reasons, 
a little transposed from the order of the history. When 
tliis is the e\»e the page aootaining the answer is referred 
to. The third edition of the Compend is used. This edi- 
tion is considerably different from the preceding. 

I hare often repeated proper names, where pronouns 



4 
mighi have been used. I have done this to familiarise these 
names to the learner, and to render it convenient to ask the 
qifestioni separately at reviews and examinations. 

In a very few instances I have, upon good authority, ven- 
tured (o give an opinion different from the author. 

To questions in Italics, the learner may give the sub- 
stance of the answers in his own words. 

Syfichh Sept. 25, 1818. 



rER i. 



w 



HAT two considerations show iImI mankind did not 
cxi-i earlier, than I he bible represt nts . : 

What is the eh trader of the records of the Chinese and [n- 
»!i..n-.\» liii'ii ascribe much earlier origin to the human race ? 

According to the authentic annals of China, vrhen wad 
thai empire fouudedi About 8050 years B.C. 

What i-' ili • most prominent feaftare ofthe hook ofOenet 

What are the three grand sources, From which we may 
di.iw arguments to prove the existence of the flood .- Reve- 
lali in, geography, and*the testimony of the ancients. 

What two important considerations may he deduced, from 
the testimony of the ancients ? 

What are the names of the hook* of Moses i 

What name is applied to them all ? 

How does it appear, that the Israelites were an enlight- 
ened nation.- Prom laws. 

How lias the idea of one (jiod been obtained? 

What people hue no idea of a Supreme Being? 

What would probably have been the stale ofnian, with- 
out revelation f The whole savages. 

What i» the common objection to the doctrine of Creation, 
as taught by Moses i 

What is the best answer to (his objection ? We have — 
— eaae. 

What do reason and experience leach us oonccrning the 
order, beauty, and magnificence ofthe universe i Thai they 
are aaut >. 

What is the necessary conclusion ? 

What "ill he the effect of making our conception, oi" the 
imuiner af operation the rule and limit ofpnr belief? 

What is the final conclusion respecting iLe Mosaic hUtu- 
rj r It challenges authorities. 

ciiArrr.n rr. 

WHAT are the principal causes, that have operated to 
obscure the history af ancient national? The destruction of 

public aud private libraries, and the subversion of the 
A 2 



Roman empire by (lie barbarians, together with the useless 
ceremonies and ridiculous superstitions, with which Chris- 
tianity was afterwards loaded. 

How many volumes were destroyed, when Alexandria was 
burnt by Cesar ? 

How many at die same place by ih° Saracens? 

Which appears most wonderful, that so little, or tiv^t 90 
much, is known of ancient history ? 

CHAPTER III. 

WHAT are t ha principal sources of our Knowledge of an- 
tiquity? The writings of the ancients, ancient monuments, 
the ruins of ancient structures, inscriptions, medals, statues, 
paintings, and, in the view of some, the Arundeiian marbles. 

When aud by whom were letters invented ? 

How long after the flood was the birth of Moses ? 

Wh» was the father of history ? 

When did he flourish ? 

Whose poems throw great light upon ancient history ? 

When did Homer write ? 
■ What may we learn from his poems ? 

What was the character of his genius'? 

CHAPTER IV. 

FOR what time is the history of the world nearly buried 
in oblivion ? 

Who was the founder of Babylon? 

What relation was Nimrod to Noah ? 

What is Nimrod called in scripture? [For the answer, 
see Gen. x. 9.] 

Whose son was Elam ? 

Where did Elam settle ? 

How was the idea of monarchy first suggested ? 

How did Nimrod employ his arms ? First upon wild beasts, 
and then upon his own species, founding his empire in blood. 

Who was the founder of Nineveh? Gen. x. 11. 

What country appears to have been named for Ashur? 
Assyria. 

Who was the successor of Ashur? Ninus. 

Give some account of Nineveh? It is said to have been 
200 feet high. 

W by is Ninsis sometimes considered the founder of Nine- 
veh ? Probably on account of it* name 5 or lecause he great- 
ly enlarged it. 



\\ ho mi the noeei and successor «>r Sit n 

Hun Jul -In reader ber name irosnortaj i 

Qm ■Dint of Babylon. If histoi nni grounds 

.-u'llrih. 

\\ ha I over! iok< d the walls <>l* Babylon ? 

\\ li ,i h .•.- : ie hei ;l er of Babel ? 

Wbal i- said of the progresses of Semiramis, Sesostris and 

others, through Asia and Africa i Thoy war* discovery 

W'lin sueeeeded Semiramis i 

Tor how long a period after tlio reign of Ninyas is tlie 

ry of Assyria almost entirely losl ? 
for what were tbe successors of Nioyas remarkable? 

CHAPTER \ . 

WHERE did the successors of Ninyas reside? 

M bo « .i> i be I isl of I hal degen irate race of kings ? 

\\ hu rebelled against Sardaoapalus ? Arhuces and Belesis* 

What ; I Sardanapalus do, after he was defeated) aud 
diii , n into N ineveh ? 

Wiio became master of Babylon, after (lie death of Sarda- 
napalus : 

By what other names is Belesis known? Nabtnassar and 
Baladan. 

\\ b< ii did Bel >sis begin to reign ? 

Who was made king »f Nineveh after (he death of Sarda- 
napalus .- Arbaces, called also Ninas the younger, and Tig 
lathpil 

Who einie.il the Ten Tribes of Israel into captivity? 2 
Kin.:* ir. *J a~*-£«-~v a^^. ^ j -t s^t^ — 

\\ kere did he place them ? 

V. it was the principal sin* for which the Ten Tribes 
lelivered into the hands of their enemies i Idolatry. 

Who sueeeeded Slialmaneoer ? •s<*v-+^A*c-£L+x*Lg — 

Who was kiiig of Judah, when Sennacherib invaded it ? 
3 Kings 18. ^^Xx*^*-"*-* - 

What was the fate of Sennacherib? His own — Niaroeh. 

Who succeeded Sennacherib ? t^^**^^**,-^ »£.*->» 

Under whom were Babylon and Nineveh united after 
they had been separated 6? years ? ^^a^k^Ada^^^, _ - 

Who was the sueeessor of Rsarhaddon ? 

"Who was ill founder of Ihe kingdom of Media ? Dejoeeti 

Who was the successor of Dcjoees ? Pbraprtcs. ,? 

Who defeated and slew I'uraortes? — Vfx^^-e. A<? ot*> ,<r^>t? »z~ 

What was the capital of Media ? c^ca^a^m^ 



Who was the successor of Phraorles ? Cyaxeres I. 

"Who prevented Cyaxeres I. from taking Nineveh? 

Who revolted from l he king of Nineveh, and became 
king of Babylon, while (Jyaxeres was at war with the 
Scythians? Nabopolasgar, i lie father of Nebuchadnezzar. 

Who destroyed Nineveh ? Cyaxeres I. and Nebuchad- 
nezzar. 

criAr vi. 

FOR what were the public buildings of Babylon most ad- 
mirable ? 

To whom is the world principally iadebledfor the science 
of architecture ? 

What two cities excited the ambition of Nebuchadnezzar 
after the destruction of Nineveh ? Jr***** <*/#••*• V ^iy^t. 

How long was Nebuchadnezzar employed in the siege of 
Jerusalem ? $ y*-<*^.-J — 

How long did the Jews remain captives at Babylon r/O 

What was (he greatest exploit of Nebuchadnezzar ? The 
reduction of Tyre.l 

How much lime did Nebuchadnezzar spend in the reduc- 
tion of Tyre? / 3 <? «• c^^i •— - 

Where was Tyre built ? On an — — shore. 

How long did Nebuchadnezzar reign ? ^ #/* **-««/ — - 

Who were the four successors of Nebuchadnezzar ? Evil- 
merodach, Neriglissor, Laborosoarchod and Belshazzar. 

Why ai\j these kings remembert.il ? Ouly —infamy. 

Which of them is an exception to this remark ? Ncri- 
glissor, who is said to have been a brave and excellent 
prince. 

Who was king of Babylon, when it was taken by Cyrus ? 

What has been tfee condition ef Babylon in more modern 
times? It has been the prophet. 

In what two respects may national prosperity be con- 
sidered ? 

CHAP. VII. 

FROM whom did the Medes and Persians descend ? » A*« 
What was the utmost extent of the Medo-Persian me 
pi re ? 

Who was the founder of I he kingdom of Media ? 

What was the character of Dejoces ? 

How long was (he reign of Dejoces? 5 u s,^**'*'* ~ — 



How did Defoees speed i>i^ tine L -? 

Who Bueeeeded Dejoces .- / /,.%■-' "(■> < 

Whom did Phraortes conquer J . << ■ <vl.~+** 

Hon did Phraortes lueeeeu iii his war with Nabaohodono* 
sor, Icing of NiiiL-voh .- He was —* — life. ,,,_ 

Who succeeded Phraortes i .•& < * ¥ •*•' 

were some of the principal exploit! uf Cyaxeres 
1 1- goon nations. 

N\ bal induced Cyaxerei !. to make war with the Assy- 
rians .- The aueeess of bis arms and the remembrance of 

i father's d< l'.-at and death. 

After Cyaxerei I. bad laid siege to Nineveh, what in- 
jur- J him to raise it ? The invasion of the Beythians. 

When was the lirst known irruption sf the Scythians i 
When they invaded the kingdom of Cyaxerei I. above (ioo 

- li C, 

For what end do the Scythiane appear to have been de- 
I by Providence .- 

\\ I at regions gave birth to the Beythians ? 

What was the character of the Scythians f Tho 

rofound. 

What was (lie «tiocc«s of Cyaxerei 1. in his first battle 
itb the Scythians f He was totally defeated. 

An. ii Cyaxerei I. had struggled with the Beythians sev- 
eral years, how did he subdue them? He murdered their 
rincipal leaders, when they were intoxicated at leasts, to 
hich lie had invited them. 

IR ha assist d Cyaxerei I. in taking and destroying 
ineveh r Neb ichadaezzar. 

^ ho succeeded Cyaxerei I. r 

who succeeded Astyages ? Cyxaerei II. the same as Da- 
ui meutioned in icripture. 

Who united the Median and Persian empires i 

What relation was Darius to Cyrus f 

< H kPTEF VIII. 

\\ !f \'V was ancient Persia in extent, compared with mod- 
ui ? But a small part. 

What induced the Babylonians to make war with the 
Jealousy ofthoir rising power. 
mdid the king oi' Babylon draw into Iiis alliance a- 
the Medes r •» &~<^*'f*^* — 
Who v as that king of Babylon ? Neriglissar. 
When formidable ^reparations were making against Me- 



10 

ilia, what request did Cyaxercs II. make to Cambyses kin 
of Persia ? 

What was the conduct of Cyrus in his first expedition a- 
gainst the Babylonians ? He commander. 

What took place in the first battle ? The king des- 
perate. 

How was Cyaxeres affected by the conduct of Cyrus ? He 
was discontent. 

What discouraged Cyrus from immediately laying sic 
to Babylon ? The stupendous within. 

What rendered it manifest, that Cyrus was rising tt the 
empire of Asia? His great life. 

When Cyrus returned to Media, how did he treat his 
uncle ? Ho had affections. 

Who was the acting head of the great league, formed a- 
gainst Cyrus ? Cresus king of Lydia. 

What was the character of the Lydiaus ? Tho nation. 

For what was Cresus distinguished, besides his riches? He 
was philosophy. 

How large was the confederate army ? . fl * 

Where was that army assembled ? Xfiyy**^"**- 

How large was the army of Cyrus.? ^ 

Who were his chief dependence ? 

How far did Cyrus march in quest of the enemy ? 

What is the first and grandest of all military maxim* ? 

What was the success of Cyrus in the engagement that 
ensued ? Never -Asia. 

What was the conduct of Cresus sfter this dafeat"? De- 
termined success. 

How was Cresus treated, after he was taken ? lie was 
eondemaed prince. 

CHAPTER IX. 

WHAT countries did Cyrus see subjected to his arms 
soon after the conquest of Cresus? All Western Asia, ex 
cept Babylon. 

What is said of Cyras'a intended conquest of Babylon : 
This enterprises. 

What prospect bad Cyrus of taking Babylon ? He had— 
— himself There is stratagem. 

Give some account of Cyrus's taking Babylon. At so 
distance slain. 

How long was the capture of Babylon by Cyrus, after t Lit 
destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar ? j~0*/j,it 



11 



Wli.u try the s. - , ■ ■ f tliia diversion of (he Eu- 
pln ntes . : liic river esel 

W li.it has been the state ti Babylna, linea it was taken 
bi Cyrus? li experienced unknown. 

How long after the reduction of Babylon d ; d Cyme suc- 
eeed to Ihe sovereignty of Media and Persia? J 7*^* m * * — ' 

What In said of ill" fall of the Babylonian empiro arid 
the rise of the Medo-Persiaa ? They present perma- 
nent. 

How long did Cyrus live alter the death of his uncle l)a- 
1 i I - : y ' -• — 

Give some account of the conduct aud character of Cyni6. 
i! n Asia* 

What baa been the uniform character of the Persians? 
In every age they have been neighbors. 

When Was lie meridian of their gtOTj : 

What rem. .'ied the revolution, effected by Cyrus, pecu- 
liarly illustrioos ? The restoration Jerusalem. 

A\ bat was the general character of the successors of Cy- 
rus r Their tanityaad vices were empire. 

Who of them Qndeftpok the most msmorablc enterprise? <SC* 

By what whs his invasion of Greece rendered famous ? 

Prom what places did Xerxes draw auxiliaries, by means 
of Ins allianee with the Carthaginians ? &**£• fa»*~£ V-<f/' 

Where did he enqamp his vast army, after crossing the 
Hellespont : «£***-"*-«' 

Whu \> is the number of his forces ? About twenty five 
lunlred thousand soldiers and 1200 ships. 

W here was Ke met by Leonids 

What forces were under Leonadas ? 

How manj Persians fell at Thermopylse ? ?^> < T ~*~° — 

\\ bat u u the objeel of Leonadas in opposing the Persian*/ 
He did nut 1 

What \ms tbe naval force of the Greeks? 3 o~o -J***^ -— 

Whe e Was the Persii 1 fleet vanquished? ^i . l~~A> -/ Ja~ic*-~~~>, 

Who was the her Kg oi • ZTft^mZ^^tiZ^ *_ 

Where was Marda >d, md his army cut off? v c«-"-« '*. 

W !i > were the hen -s of Platea ? 

V, !:n< was the fate of Ham Hear, and his arm) and (I^et ? 

destroyed. 

Greeks tbei carried tl i into Persia, \* hat 

would probably have been the re nit ? 

For what did Xerxes deserve the appellation of Gr?at? 

Uy w bat intern:.! means have nations generally risen ? 



12 



By what internal means have nations generally fallen? 
How long .lid the kings of Syria hold the empire "of Persia! 
By whom was Persia soon after governed ? ^ 
What was the Persian kingdom then called ? £aW*kX 
What is said of the stability of the Persian nation ? It 
e ' Persia. 

CHAPTER X. 

IN what do the ancient Greeks stand unrivalled ? 
What natural advantages ha J the Creeks ? Every- 



rive. 



i 



-— - — — — — — — .»..»c. ■_,.,.• ^ 

* or what was Greece peculiarly suited? To promote 
exertion. 

When was Greece first inhabited ? 

What is the character of the hi-tory of Greece for 1000 
years after its first settlement ? It is not iucredible. 

When did Cecrops found Athens ? /// £0 _ /ft £ 

AVho introduced alphabetic writing into Greece, and 
founded Thebes in !5ceotia ? &cC?^t^ __ 

What ancient and powerful cities of Greece were fouuded 
by strangers ? 

What were the character and state of the people in Greece 
before the arrival of Cecrops, Danaus, Cadmus, &c ? They 
were order. 

What two circumstances greatly quickened the progress 
of the Greeks in various irfs ? 

When was a system of written laws introduced intoGreeee? 

What striking example of political sagacity did the an- 
oient Greeks exhibit ? They formed themselves into a per- 
manent confederation^ fo r defence. 

Where and how often did their delegates meet? 

"What was the influence of the Ampkicfyonic council? 
By republic. ,■ *~ 

When was t'iL- Argonautic expedition? ' $60- /*•• 

What is the Pelopsnnesus now called? 

What is it* extent ? 

What seven independent states did the Peloponnesus coa- 
tain.at the time of the Trojan war ? 

What was the extent of the Grecian territories north of 
the peninsula ? 

Where was Troy ? In the X. W corner of Asia Minor. 

B;, whom and when was Proy founded ? B\ Dardaaus 
or Sc&mander about 1330 years B. <'. 
- Who was ki »g of I roy when it was invaded by t lie Greeks? 

What was the occasion of the Trojan war? The refuiaj 



I v (,, ;-;ve up Helen* queen of Sparta, whom 
"an, bad clandestine!] carri d aw ay. 

\\ lu *as the husband of Helen jUkfenelaus. 

Who s\ :is the rather of Parii f '/r<.-*>»» 

Hou long were the Greeks in i Icing Troj f *^*"* w " 

Row did the Greeks finally take Troy? Bj tne strata 
gem of a large wooden horse, including a great number of 
armed men. 

W lion was Troy destroyed . : u r$ 

What was the effeet of the Trojan war upon the Ore) 
Very pernieioos. 

what important order eras given by the Delphian oracle 
skoal the lime of the Trojan war? Thai -institution. 

What were the most important of the Olympie games? 

Where were the Olympic games celebrated . : On a large — 
— Peloponnesus. 

W\\o frequented those games ? 

How often were the Olympic games celebrated ? Once in 
;'our jrears. 

What name was given to the term of time from one cele- 
bration to another ? An- Olympiad. 

When did the Olympiads commence? 776 years tt. ('. 

In what proportion did Lyeurgus divide the lands among 
the [>c i tie ? Equally. 

V hat money did be allow ? j/**-^ 

What wasjiis regulation with regard to luxury? 

What was the tendency of the laws of Lyeurgus ? To 
join ell justice. 

In what favorable light may the laws of Lyeurgus he re- 
garded? As ^virtue. *■>■<-■ 

CHAP1 

WHO nf ihe Greeks were successively at the head of die 
Sreeiaa confederacy? The Lacedemonians, Athenians a .... 
Tii bans. 

Where does ambition appear most evident a-.d most odi- 
1*9 ? 

What history is peculiarly instructive lo us? That of 

e. 
Between which nf the Grecian b<;i! lir>< ronsid- 

r commence ? The L&cerfei ■ .mil the lies- 

• 

it motives were they actuated ? The I acedeino- 
liana fortune. 

B 



14 

Whicli party was victorious ? 

What became of the eonquered Messenians ? They went — 
— slaves. 

How long was it, before the Messenians revolted? 

What was 1 lie character of the second Messenian war ? 

Whom had the Messenians previously drawn into their 
alliance P 

Who was their leader; and what was his character? 

"What was the issue of the second Messenian war? The 
Messenians were conquered, and forsook their ancient abodes. 

What does Dr. Gillies say of Aristomenes ? 

What indueed the Greeks to withdraw their support from 
the monarch, when they saw that he abused his power? 

Where is all power in its first principles ? 

For what should it he exercised ? 

What gave rise to what is called the sacred war in Greece ? 
The Crisseans' plundering the temple of Delphi. 

How were the Greeks affected by the conduct of the Cris- 
seans ? ^ 

To whom was their puuishmeut referred ? 

What vengeance was inflicted upon the Crisseans? 

What games were instituted to commemorate the destruc- 
tion of the Crisseans ? , 

What was the state of Greece, when the Pythian games 
Mere instituted ? Having respect. 

What eifects were produced by the natural and political 
advantages of the Greeks? The arts maturity. 

What is said of the superior strength of mind in the an- 
cients ? 

To what was owing the ascendency of Athens, after the 
Messenian war ? 

How large \v;is the army, with which Darius Hystaspes 
invaded the Scythians ? 

What was his success ? He narrowly escaped being en- 
tirely cut oft*. 

What Athenian advised to destroy the bridge over the 
Danube, to complete the ruin tf Darius, and deliver the 
Asiatic Greeks from the Persian yoke? 

On whom besides MiUiades, did Darius meditate revenge ? 

What had induced the Persians to desire the conquest of 
Greece ? Their— — Assumed. 

What peculiarly urged Darius Hystaspes to attempt the 
conquest of Greece ? Ueveugt: honor. 

To whom did Darius give the command of his vast arma- 
ment : 



re did the Persians invade Greece i 

v, |. i ttheniaus left almost entirely alone, la 

fight i . • P< rti 

\\ ii ii were Ihe G ci a 

\\ h ,i were Ihe I'. rsian forces i 

lis Qomm jidedthc Athenians at the battle of Marathon i 

Who a are victorious ? 

\\ lint waa afterward! the rate of Militaries? 

What expedient did the Persians devise, to wipe awaj 
the disgi larathon? V iuvasiuu. 

B« n ii mi « ,i- ihis undertji 

en \ &n. 

\\ h«1 wee Hie fate af a considerable pari of the illustri- 
ous Greeks, who contributed to raise their country 1o its 
ntnoost greatness . : Disgraced memory. 

>\ |,at became of Paoaaniaa and Aristides ? Pausamas— 

— rust. 
To whom were the Gi euliarly indebted ? 

Bow wee rhemisloeles ti the Spartans? They — 

— death. , . ,. 

What was the state of the Persians after the invasion ot 
Xerxes? Nothing terms. 

After Uheas bad been destroyed by Xerxes, when was 
it rebuilt ? 

What was the name of the famous harbor, built at that 
time near Athens ? 

Under whose administration were the stupendous and 
elegant work- of Athens completed ? 

What did the Greeks unite in their character and con- 
duct in the days ul' Perieles ? Every thin-, which — humane. 

What was the character of the administration of Pericles? 
It opened day. 

Willi what was Pericles endowed! Every govern. 

W iat was the aim <»1' Peirieles i 

In what respect were the Athenians superior to the rest 
of the li reeks ? 

I low did the Athenians nse the ascendency they had 
gained f 

Who prevailed upon the Athenians t<j assert their right 

to supremacy among the i: r»-c h - c 
What were the eonteqnenees . : 

Of what was the Peloponnesian war productive? Of— 
— Alexs nder. 



10 

For what purpose did Pericles require deputies from ail 
Greece, (o assemble at Athens ? 
How was this order received? 
Wliat was (lie tendency of such a measure ? 
\\ hat did Pericles say, when he heard how his requisi- 
tion was received at Lacedemon ? 

liy whom was the Peloponnesian war begun? 
^ Why did the spirit of emigration prevail more among the 

Greeks, than any other nation? It situation. 

How wore the other slates gradually drawn into the Pe- 

lopoonesian war? After provinces. 

What was the character of the Spartans at that time? 

If councils. 

What greajly increased the distress of the Athenians? 
What was the issue of the Peloponucsian war? Athens 
was taken and destroyed. 

In what manner did Athens fall? Without illustrious. 

What was the state of Greece after the fall of Athens ? 

Athens destiny. 

Who restored \thens to a measure of liberty ? 
What war next broke out in Greece? 
Who was the Boeotian leader? 

Who saved i lie Spartans from being ravaged by Epamin- 
ondas ? 

To whal power did the Lacedemonians apply for aid a- 
gainst the Thebans ? 

How and where was the P»o?otian war terminated? 
What was the-state of the Thebans after the death ofE- 
paminnndas ? 

Who is generally acknowledged as (lie first of heroes and 
of conquerors r 

Give some account of ilia country of Ma?cdon. 
Who was the father of Alexander? 
Who was the father of P. ? 
Mi hat was Ike character of A. ? 
By whom was Philip educated ? 
What did Philip learn in adversity '? 
What seemed to invite him to lay the plan of extensive 
empire ' 

Jn what did the Greeks find their principal resource a- 
gaiu-t the arms and policy of Philip ? 

W-nit did Philip write to Aristotle on the birth of Alex- 
ander ? 

How long did Aristotle's opinions predominate ovei men's 
uiiderstandiiiirs ' 



HoW old \*.:> PhillD] nv in. !i lie was a- -a^inated Oj I'au 
sania> 

llmv luni; had Philip reigned ! 

\\ . • tinl ivoruble suspicion waa entertained of Alexander; 
relating ta bis father's death ' 

Agaiust whoa was Uexander's Brat enterprise after his 

- ,1111 ! 

What was the effect «f Alexander's rame upon raveral 
nationi beyond t lie Danube I « 

W'h • irere at the head ef an attempt to foment a war with 
Haeedon', win n Ihej heard that Alexander was dead 

What rengeanee did Alexander execute upon Thehei 

N\ bat effect had this upon the Greeks ' 

When were the Greeks most distinguished for-degeneraey • 

What part of Alexander's eonduct astonished the ablest 
generals of Philip ! 

Whal reaaon relating to hia father did Alexander pretend 
for invading Persia ! 

Willi irhat fortes did Alexander engage in his Persian 
expedition ' 

What method did Memnon recommend, for opposing Al- 
exander I 

How did the Persian satraps receive this advice • They 
rejected it with disdain. 

W here is the ii\er Graoieus 

G • some account of the buttle of the Gvanieus ?* 

M li> saved the life of Alexander iii thai battle'? 

How many men did Darius lose in that battle ' 

Mow man* did Alexander lose ! 

What now seemed the only impediment to Alexander's 
labjugation of the Persians ! 

What was the conduct of Darius in this war.' He dis- 
placed little else bul weakness army. 

Whom did Alexander take lor bis model ? 

"Was Alexander ever guilty of rashness ' Never. f 

With whom may Danus Uodomanus be compared ! 

What orders did Darius give hie Batraps, whom be sent 
to take Alexandi r ! 

W ho w as the only great military character then in the ser- 
■f I) H ins ' 

What roused Darins from his dream of securifv ! 



* This the learner may do in his own words. 
t Some are of a different opinion. 

b a 



la 

What method did Chat idomus propose to Darius, for van- 
quishing Alexander? Would country. 

Why did the ecrittseilors of Darius advise him to put his 
Grecian troops to- the sword ? 

What was the conduct of the Persians, who were set to 
guard the pass into Cilicia? 

What did Alexander express, when he gained the height ? 

Where did the ablest counsellors of Darius advise him 
to return, in order to meet Alexander? . 

Why was Darius surprised and disappointed, when he 
heard that the Macedonian army was approaching him at 
the bay of Issus ? 

Why was the place of the battle of Issus most unfortunate 
for Darius ? A narrow mountains. 

From what motives did Alexander encourage his men to 
the contest '■ 

Give an account of the battle of Iss'us. The conflict — 
— escape. 

How did Alexander treat the family of Darius ? 

How did Alexander treat Statira ? 

What became of Statira '■ 

Give some account of Alexanders taking Tyre.- 

What city did Alexander found in Egypt? 

How far did Alexander carry his conquests? 

Where did Alexander gain his last victory over the Per- 
sians ? Near Arbela. 

How did Alexander appear in establishing order and gov- 
ernment in his vast dominions? He showed armies. 

Give some account of Alexander's death. While plan- 
ning reign. 

What was the character of Alexander? If none. 

CHAPTER XIII. 

WHAT was occasioned by the death of Alexander? 
Among whom were his dominions divided ? 
What countries had Cassander ? 
What countries had LysimachuB ? 
'What countries had Ptolemy? 
What countries had Seleueus ? 

"What is the most uninteresting period of ancient history f 
"What jvas ihe character of the successors of Alexander ( 
Which of them, was an exception from this remark ? Pto- 
lemy ? 
What was his character ? He is«— — virtue. [See p. 122.1 



19 

W h.i' wu \he condition of the stales of Greece, after the 

. Hi" \ lei inder .- 
For what purpeM doei Cassander seen to have been dc- 

Wliii \\.\-, been lutpeeted of having poisoned Alexander? 

Where n m Amim-h . : 

For what vnt it distinguished? 

N\ :iut lurnaine was given to Antioehus. for expelling the 
Gaols from Asia .Miihi. .- 

\* iili what propriety ha* the term Great been applied to 
Antioehus III.: 11' victories, fighting completely.* 

\\ hat distinguished general tendered his services to An- 
lioahus the Greal . : a 

What was his advice to Antioehus ? 

What prevented Antioehus from accepting this advice ? 
Narrow views and jealousy. 

What injury did Antioehus sustain from his contest with 
the Ramans . : With the loss peace. 

What is the history of Syria, after he death of Antioch- 
us the Great i 

What was the characteristic of the Syrian dynasty? 

After the Syrians had expelled from the government the 
tlescendents of Seleucus, whom did they elect to be their 
king i 

W hen did Syria become a Roman province ? 

What was the character of Ptolemy Soler r 

Who succeeded Ptolemy Seter ? 

For what uas Ptolemy Philadelphia distinguished? 

By trhom w;is the lemons Alexandrian library begun ? 

Of how many volumes did both parts of this library consist? 

What influence had this library upon Egypt ? 

"Who was the first president of this library ? 

What was the average length of the Ptolemies' reigns? 

Under whom was the Old Testameut translated into 
Greek ': 

What is this translation called ? 

When did the genius of war forsake the Greeks, for the 
Carthaginians ? 

How are the conquests of Alexander to he regarded ? 

What influence upon the nations had the Macedonian 
-■st r They left better. 

Who was a more dangerous enemy to Greece than Alex- 
ander : 

* The learner may substitute Great for Magnus in the answer. 



29 

What influence upon Egypt had the conquests of Alex- 
ander ? 

What was the influence of the Grecian conquests upon 
literature ? Greciau arms. 

Why do the Greeks merit the first rank among nations ? 
They founded genius. 

CHAPTER XIV. 

WHAT first attracts our attention, when we pass beyond 
the dark ages ? 

Give some account of Italy. It is world p. 127. 

In what manner did the first inhabitants of Italy live ? 
Without habit p. 129. 

What were their tribes or clans ? 

Where did they live; and how did they subsist? 

To what was their country highly favorable ? 

What were the character and conduct of the little inde- 
pendent states, into which Italy was anciently divided ? 
Each revolutions. 

Who was the founder of Rome ? 

When was Rome founded ? 753 years B. C. 

What were the infancy, youth, manhood, and old age of 
Rome ? 

What events may be considered as terminating the four 
ages of Rome ? The expulsion of Tarquin, the destruction 
of Carthage, the reign of the Autouines, and the reign of 
Augustulus. 

What was the extent of the Roinau territory, during the 
infancy of Rome ? 

Wh.it gives importance to the events of that period? 

What was (he duration of the infancy of Rome ? 

Who was the successor of Romulus ? 

Oi what nation and city was Noma ? 

How did Noma employ his reign ? 

Was the Ro.n.in monarchy hereditary or elective? 

Wnat may we discover in the election of their kings? 

Who was tiiei.-s) of i he Roman kings? 

Who were" ihe t principal instruments in expelling Tar- 
quin the Proud? Junius Brutus and Collations. 

What decree uzd (lie senate pals at that time ? 

CHAPTER XV r . 

In what did the Greeks excel (lie Romans? 

In what did the Romans excel all other natioas ? 



u 

What principle* of freedom bid the Roman monarchy? 
file kin ,- — -m u i ch. 
W ;;ii :h oflhe kiugs aeled most independently of theso 

iry cheek 
Wheji the in narehi \\.i- abolished a/hat form uf govern- 
ment was substituted ? Republican. 

NN hat offi substituted for kings ? 

Hon great now er ? 

W . checks lo the abuse of consular 

r .- 
How ui'i' .1 nrei e eontuli • ited ? 
M ho ■>• a i first consuls . : 

How was the new-forme I government greatly endangered ? 
< M n bat great crime w ere Lw o of ; be sons of B nit us guilty ? 
for what strikiug e was Brutus distinguished ? 

g c jeath. 

V» bo was ihe most formidable enemy incited by Tarquin 
ainst Rom ■ . : 

\\'U\ h .s Porsenna willing to engage in a war with the 
as ? 
some account of Parsenna's besieging Homo ? 
By what great internal dii sullies was the Roman Com- 
realih greatly harraased in everj part of its duration? 
How were they generally settled r 
M hat was the general character of the Roman government? 
W ben was Ltfrgius appointed first dictator? 

What power had the dictator? His monarch. 

Im iv hat i - wua a dictator chosen ? 

ointment of tribunes ? 
How often and from whom were- the tribunes chosen ? 
\\ hat \\<-re the power and office of the tribunes ? 

I w as i be number of the tribunt 
Who was the most eminent character found in the early 

if the Roman republic ? 
What was his occupation ? 

From what enemies did L'inciunatas deliver the Romans ? 
What i> to be considered most remarkable in the conduct 
(.f * 'iucinrintus c 
w bi ii did the Ramans introduce written lawe . : 4j1B.C. 
were these law - collected ? 
i what were they written ': 
y. hen the laws of the tweree tables were introduced, what 
. ere created i Deeemvira. 
^ For what were the deeemvira appointed P 
What ofiicers were next appointed r 



22 



a 



What remark does (he author make in this connexion,™ 
■peering free governments? Whoever nations 

w , W u a l i t,,,n : ,n ' ,ext iu ti,ne t0 Cincinnati is particular! 
worthy ol notice ? * ' 

ui!tV? hat Cri,Ue d ' (I lhe <rib " ,,eS Pretend lb:lt Camil,us ** 
How did Camillas avoid a puldic trial ? 
Give some account of lhe Gaols, that invaded Rome 
me country. 

Who was the most distinguished chieftain of the Cisal 
pine L»auls . y 

What was the reply of Brennus to the Roman ambassa 
dors, who were sent to depiaud of him, what right he ha. 
to invade Clusium ? ° 

What did Brennus demand in his turn ? 

What did the ambassadors do on that occasion ? 

What was the succeeding conduct of Brennus J 

What was the issue ofthe battle that was soon fought? 

W,th what uceess did Brennus go against Rome ? 

What place did the Rom tns defend against the Gauls ? 

w ( t did the Romans engage to give Brennus, to with- 
urau ni S army ? 

Who prevented the payment of the goJd,and delivered tui 
Romans from Brennus? 

With what did Camillus say that the Romans were ac 
customed to purchase peace ? 

What, became of the Gauls ? 

In what did the Roman resources principally consist a 
that time? 

In what manner did the Romans enjoy victory, and en 
dure defeat ? 

What was the state ofthe Romans, soon after the Galli 
invasion ? 

With whom were they next engaged in war ? 

To whom did the Samnites apply for aid against the Romans 

When Pyrrhus offered to mediate between the Roman 
and Samnites, what did the Roman consul reply? 

Who was victorious in the first battle ? 

What did Pyrrhus say upon the occasion ? 

What was the issue of several succeeding battles ? Pyr 
rhus pieces. 

Who had been the principal leaders in the war of ihl 
Samnites ? 

To whom did the Tarenfiues apply for aid, when thefl 
were left bv Pyrrhus ? J ' 



With what disposition did the Carthaginians receive the 
■ plication i 

What remark is m ide reiDCOtiog l lie influence of com- 
eree in railing the Carthaginians . 
By whom w.is Carthage rounded: 
What was the government of the Carthaginians i 
With what were the government ami policy of all an - 
*LMif nations intern o\ ,•11 r 
Of he I* uion\ orders did the government of Carthage BOH* 
st ': 

What were they : The sulVetes, the senate, and the peo- 
le. 

How extensive were the dominions of the Unmans at that 
me ? 

By what means had the Carthaginians amassed great 
ealtfa ? 

What was the eharacter of some of the most distinguished 

vfriean generals? The) attaek. 

By what were the Romans actuated ? 

What is said of their eoiirage : 

Wli a is said of the eontcst between the Romans and Car- 
inginians .- That it was conducted history. 

Give some account of the commencement of the fust runic 
■nv. Hiero Carthag 

Who commanded the Romans in their first naval battle 
ut h the Carthaginians . : 

What was his sueei >•> r 

Wlio was the next eommander against the Carthaginians ? 

What was this success of licsjulus against the Carthagi- 
ians ? He was victorious by seaand land. 

What apprehensions were excited by the success of Heg- 
lii* against the Carthaginians 

To whom did the Carthaginians then apply to command 
heir font - .- 

What was the success ofXantippus against the Romans? 
la gained great advantages over them, and took Regulus 
irixiier. 

Waat eifcet upon the Unmans had their disasters at sea? 

W' t was the conduct of Reejulus, when the Carthagi- 
nans Miit him with their ambassador to Rome? Ahho — 
— Roane. 

What was the fate of Regulus? 

JV ■: i was the t<t ale of 1 hi er the death of Regulus? 

W ..>'. were the conditions of peace, to which the Car- 
kaginiuus were subjected ? 



21 

Who vanquished (he Gauls, thai invaded Etruria. be- 
tween I he first and second Punic war? 

Who roused the Carthaginians, to engage in the second 
war with the Romans ? 

What oath did Hannibal lake, when he was nine years old r 

How did the Carthaginians begin (he war r 

With what army did he march for Italy ; 

At what season of the year did he cross (he Alps ? 

What part of his army did he lose in that enterprise? 

Who was the first Roman commander (hat Hannibal de- 
feated in Italy ? — the second ? — the third ? 

In what manner did Fabius oppose Hannibal? 

What was tlie success of Varrn*s army against HannibaJ ? 

What part of Hannibal's military conduct has sometime* 
been censured ? 

What diiheuhies might he anticipate in the siege of Rome? 

Why did not the Carthaginians conquer the Romans? 
The factions. 

How long was Hannibal in Italy ? 

Why did the Carthaginians recal Hannibal from Italy? 

What was the result of Hannibal's battle with Scipio'the 
younger ? Hannibal was Bight. 

Give some account of the termination of the second runic 
war; and of tue commencement and conclusion of the third. 

When did this war end ? 

What became of Hannibal ? After his flight, he exerted 
his utmost efforts against the Romans » iih very little ef- 
fect, lu his 70th year he took poison and died. 

CHAPTER XVI. 

WHEN" did Rome cease (o have a rival ? 

What countries soon come info possession of the Romans ? 
Macedon, Assyria. Greece and Spain. 

Why was Antiochus (he Great, careful to go contrary to 
thp advice of Haunihal ? 

What was the conduct of the Numanlines; after sustain- 
ing l siege 14 years ? 

What were some of the consequences of the elevation of 
Rome, soon after the Punic ways'.' 

Wiio deluged ll iy in Roman blood, within a few yean 
after the d ab-uct.inu of Carthage? 

How ,.!)•,- v. s ii from ihe destruction (if Carthage to the 
perpetual dictatorship ofSylla? 

Why did Sylia involve the republic in a civil war? 



When wm the freedom of Rone forever extinguished i 

Who sorried <in the eivil waribcgua l» v Marias ami >_\ 1 1 .v ? 

Bj whom WM lliii '\ .1 r terminated. 

what eotbled the Romans to be still powerful, after they 
■ ii 1\ e irrupted - : 

What benefieiol influence had the ambition of the t\ rants 
tint demagogues of Rome r l'<> attach undivided. 

In what noes the strength of empires principally eoniilt? 

\\ by w as the duration of the Macedonian empire bo sh 

"\\ hit is Raid of the genius of Rome, compared with that 
if Greece ? if solemn. 

\\ bat two Rom mi were prepared to run the* race of am- 
)itiiiM. whenMarius and Sylla were removed? 

U\ what mean did Pomj ey and Crassua attempt to gain 
popularity t While entertainments. 

What three wonderful characters ippearcd at Home a- 
bont that time? [manders? 

W bo may lie regarded as the greatest of the komau coni- 

M hat Dualities tli<l Catiline possess 1 

What did he plan and organize ' 

What were the leading objects of Catiline's conspiracy ■ 

How did Cesar quiet the dissensions of Pompey and 
C'rassus ? 

By «hom was Crassus slain 7 

Who sided with Pompey against Cesar ' 

On whom did Cesar rely ? 

Who w (l s victorious at the battle of Pliarsalia ! 

What was the conduit of Pompey at the battle of Pliarsa- 
lia ' So cause. 

What was the character of Cesar ? A advantage. 

What became of Pompey ' 

What is s.iid of the clemency of Cesar, after t lie battle 
of Pliarsalia ? It was as f.irgiTe. 

How long did Cesar live after the battle of Pharcaliaf 

What \>as his conduct and fortune during that timer He 
■ ■ clinihcd. 

Give some account of Cesar'- l ."/. 

Who w?re the nest triumvirate P 

What did they proclaim themselves ? 

Who were at the head of the conspirators? 

What was the conduct of the people at that time? The 
standard broken. 

To what did Cicero fall a victim ? 

What was the conduct nf Antony and Oclavius, after Lc- 
pidus was rejected from the triumvirate ? 

c 



26 

Where was their quarrel decided? 
Where did Autony die ? 
When did Rome become an empire ? 
How loug did Rome continue the most powerful empire 
in the world? 

How were men of learning then treated at Rome ? 

What is said of the literature of Cicero ? We may 

studies. 

Mention some circumstances relating to the death of 

Cicero. He was murdered tyrants. 

What was the character of Augustus ? 

When thcpower of Augustus was confirmed, how did he 

treat the people ? He endeavored relish. 

What was the character of the Remans at that time, 
compared with their former character ? 

What was the conduct of Augustus, when he saw himself 
in the undisturbed possession of the empire? 
Of what did he particularly boast ? 
For what purpose does the house of Jacob seem to have 
been preserved ? 

When was the Hebrew government changed to an abso- 
lute monarchy ? 

Who was their first king ? 

When did the Ten Tribes revolt from the house of David ? 
How long did the kingdom of the Ten Tribes continue ? 
By whom and when were the Ten Tribes carried into 
captivity ? 

JBy whom were the Jews carried captive to Babylon ? 
How long did the Jews remain at Babylon ? 
When and by whom were they released, and sent to their 
own land ? 

How long did they continue in nominal subjection to the 
king of Persia ? 

To whom were the Jews next subject ? 
Who had t lie dominion over them, next after the Syri- 
ans ? The Romans. 

When did Titus Vespasian destroy Jerusalem ? 
How many Jew.; were destroyed with their city ? 
What became of the remnant ? 
What is peculiarly remarkable of that nation ? 
What hr.il &o6 promised to Abraham? 
When v.iil )!:i- promise lie verified ? When all shall know 
the Lord from the least vr,\n the greatest. 

What are the two pillars of evidence to show that Jesus 
Christ was divinely sent to enlighten and redeem the world ? 



lowh.U . . I - llir te-liiuony, on which I lit' Christian. 

ii li^-,.'ii ohiefii rclp • 

\\ hat are the pi incipal artielee, in which the excellency 
if the Christian religion appeal - . : 

What was i lif central poial of the movements of Augustus? 

What were the laeeessors of tugnstus generally r 

How many of (he lir-t sixteen Koman emperors wen 
comparatively ReotH Bight, oae of the Brat eightandeevi u 
if the teeoad eight* 

Who was the comparatively good character among the 
first eight - : Augustus. 

Who were the seven had characters of the first eight ? Ti 
bcriii-, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, tialliu. Btho ami Vitelline. 

Who was the bad character of the second tight Roman 

emperor- r Uomilian. 

Who were the seven comparatively good characters of 
the second eight : S e-patian, TitUS, Nerva, Trajan, Adri- 
an, Antonius Pius and Marcus Auielitis. 

Win was the first empror. under whom the Roman name 
n^ treated with contempt 

What was his conduct? Almost crime. 

Who restored the Unman name to its ancient splendor r 

AV ho succeeded Vespatian ? 

AYhat did Titus display? 

Who succeeded Titus ? 

What encomium is passed upon Xerva, Trajan, Adrian, 
Antonius Pius, and Marcus Aurelitis r Their names — Rome. 

How loug did thev reign r 

CHAPTER XVII. 

How long was the period from the accession of Augus- 
tus to that of Commooas r 

What did the Roman empire contain during that period? 

"What had Augustas warmly reeommended to his successor? 

By whom was this advice followed ? By most t<f the 
emperors, ihoagh some of them made considerable conquests 
in Europej ksia and Africa. 

What had been the effect of the wars of Marina and Byl- 
la. of Cesar and Poiapey, arid of Augustus and Antony? 
The) had almost Romans. 

By what power was Rome really governed under the 
emperors ? 

Of what characters was the army generally composed ? 

What was the eongequeuce of such a government f The 
lustre calamity. 



28 

Of liovv many soldiers did the Roman legion consist ? 

What did the primitive Christians disclaim, as a meanj 
•f spreading their principles ? 

On what did they rely for this purpose ? 

What countries had Christianity penetrated, at the close 
of the second century? 

What was the consequence of Christians heing enemies to 
idolatry and superstition? They authorities. 

What cruelties did they suffer ? They tortures. 

CHAPTER XVIII. 

WHAT objects does Roman history present, after the 
reign of Marcus AureJius? The most — — decay. 

What was the grand cause of the destruction of Rome ? 
Internal disorder. 

What is said of the reign and memory of Commodus ? 

What scenes were then witnessed at the seat of govern- 
ment i 

In the provinces ? 

On the frontiers ? 

In Italy ? 

In the army ? 

What is said of the cruelty and effeminacy of Commodus ? 

Who succeeded Commodus ? 

In what manner did Pertinax receive the dindem ? 

How were the Roman armies then regarded by barbari- 
ans ? 

What was the character of the administration of Pertinax ? 

Why could not Pertinax reform the empire ? The na- 
tion abundance. 

Give some account of the death of Pevtinct.r. 

How was the empire disposed of, alter the death of Per- 
tinax ? 

Wfaa ".vaslhe character of Pertinax 1 Historians ami- 
able. 

How long was the time from the death of Pertinax to that 
of Augustulus ? 

How many emperors reigned in that time ? 

What was it necessary the barbarians should learn of the 
Romans, in order to subdue them? 

To what are the invasions of the barbarians compared ? 

What was their chief difficulty ? 

Why may we suppose there were many Romans in the 
armies of the barbarians? Numbers people. 



n 

Who composed the strvn-th of of the Roman armies in 
<1k' last period of Iht unpin ' 

\\ bat dot's ibe Roman bister] present, from the death of 
Coni.n idea to the extinction of the western empire i 

W liai effect bed 1 1 1 * - best measurei and greater ezertiens 
of the rerj few able emperors, that reigned in that peiiod? 
Ac i Beet incurable. 

How manjf persons sssumed the imperial purple at the 
same time, u meeessors of Valerian . : 

flow .lid each of them iit tem £>t to support his chum ' 

>\ li.ii w as the condition of the empire iu those times' All— 

revolutions. 

By what means was Christia'nitj established throughout 
the empire ! 

To what place did Constautinc remove the scat* of gov- 
ernment ? 

What was Byzantium thence called ! 

What was the condition nf the church after the conver- 
sion of Cons tan tine P From this savage nations. 

When did Constautine become sole master of the Roman 
i nip ire ? 

What gave a more fatal blow to the Roman empire, than 
be vices of Conrinodas ' 

What effect upon Rome had Constantino's removal ? 
That glory? 

What was the effVet upon the western empire? Fatal. 

What was the subsequent condition of Italy? 

Who was the last of the Reman emperors in the west r 

When and by whom was Augustulus dethroned? 

How long had Rome stood ? 

What did Rome do after that, in her ecclesiastical ca- 
pacity ? She deposed sovereignty. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

What was the character of the period of darkness, which 
meeeeded the fall of Rome ? Equally mankind. 

To what may tracing the history of the dark ages be 
iomp.;red ? 

\N hat appellation has been given to the eastern empire? 

M li.it was the extent of the eastern empire ? 

What was a peculiar felicity of Constantinople ? It<^— 

By whom and when was Constantinople taken r 
c Z 



30 

What was an important link in the chain of events, 
Which restored the arts and sciences? 

What is said of the miseries ofihe Italians, after the fall 
of Rome ? The?!- conception. 

How many times was Rome besieged aud taken, during 
twenty years ? 

What was the mental condition of mankind in that pe- 
riod ? Mankind humanity. 

For what purpose did barbarians search for the most 
valuable productions of antiquity ? 

What greatly assisted the barbarians in their work of 
destruction? Superstition. 

How long has Great Britain been known in history? 

Were the Britons wholly or partially conquered by Cesar? 

What effect upon Britain had the fall of Rome ? 

To whom did the Britons apply for aid, when invaded by 
the Scots and Picts ? 

After repelling the Scots and Picts, what did the Saxons 
proceed to do ? 

Into how many kingdoms did the Saxons erect them- 
selves ? 

What are these seven kingdoms called? 
, Under whom and when were these kingdoms united? 

What corner of Asia is Arabia ? . <= ^ t ^^ 

Who is considered the father of the Ara^r^-'^ /=, ° <L1 

What was predicted of Ishmael ? 

In whom has this prediction been accomplished ? 

What is a singular circumstance in the history of the 
Arabs ? 

By whom has their conquest been attempted ? 

What wonderful synchronism is here mentioned ? 

What was there remarkable in the elevation of Mahom< 
et ? From an obscure parentage, birth, and education In 
rose parallel. 

By whose assistance did Mahomet pretend that he wroU 
the Koran ? 

To whom did he begin to publish his mission ? 

What was the consequence? 

What is this flight called ? 

How did his religion spread ? 

What were Mahomet's followers called, after his death i 

What countries did they conquer in a very short time? 

Who put a stop to their progress in Europe ? 

How many of them did he kill in a day ? 

Where was that battle ? 



31 



What did Mahomet declare himself to be? The — Christ. 

From what did he draw his doctrines and tuorut it y ? From 
-governed. 



What did he teaeh . : 

\ vi did lu> -r hrine of morality allow ? 

How did he represent the affaire oi'a future state r In such 

■ manner that 1 ice. 

What were his main argument! for propagating his re- 



ligion : 



From what people was the name France derived f 

\\ hat nations did ihc Franks dispossess in France? 

With w bom did they ti.en maintain long and bloody wars ? 

Mho was the founder of the French monare-ky ? 

What was the first care of Gothic and Saracen invaders? 

^ hat tl id they fi.id afar more difficult task, than that ? 

Give some account of the leudal system. The northern 
system. 

What ia said in fa?or of this system ? It was a happy 
state. 

What is said against it ? It was darkness. 

What was the grand defect of the feud J sy*tem ? 

"Who erected a new empire in Europe, in the midst ef 
this confusion ? 

What was his dominion? 

For what is Charlemagne justly celebrated '? 



VOL. IT. 
CHAPTER I. 

WHAT important particulars are presented by the histo- 
ry of Europe from the 'Jth to the 16th century? 

What is a concise definition of the feudal system ? 

What was the general object of chivalry and knight-er- 
rantry ? 

What evil did they promote ? A thirst for revenge. 

To what good object did they lead the way ? 

What merit in relation to females is to be ascribed to these 
institutions ? 

What would knight-errants do in defence of their own 
honor or that of females ? 

In what respects were the barbarians superior to the Ro- 
maos r They had virtue. 



82 

W hat may be considered as the most unreasonable prne- 
tice, that ever exis:ed under the form of justice and legality ? 

Of what wis duelling the offspring ? 

What disputes were settled by single combat ? 

By what act was the one who failed cwusidered as hay- 
ing lost his cause P 

Of what was the revival of commerce a natural conse- 
quence ? 

What cities lad the way in the commerce of Europe ? 

What was the consequence ? 

Which was the first, most powerful and most permanent 
republic, that rose after the fall of Rome ? 

How may Venice be regarded among the cities of modern 
Europe ? 

From what did Venice save Europe ? From power. 

Who were the first commercial people, that ever existed 
in Europe ? 

CHAPTER II. 

WHAT interesting rumor prevailed throtigh Europe, at 
the end of the 10th century ? 

What was inferred from that sentiment ? 
i What plan was proposed ? 

What method was pursued, to excite the people to this 
object ? Preaching mission. 

How did some of them appear? 

What did they promise each soldier, who should engage 
in the enterprise ? 

With what did they threaten such as remained inactive ? 

What was their success ? Beyond Biscay. 

What appellation is generally given to these wars with 
the Turks ? Crusades or holy wars. 

How long did they continue ? With considerable inter- 
vals, for two hundred years. 

How many men are supposed to have been engaged in these 
wars i Eleven millions. 

How many lost their lives ? Probably two millions. 

What was the only enterprise, in which the powers of 
Europe ever generally engaged ? 

Wiiat character is given of the crusades? This man. 

What were some of the unexpected advantages resulting 
from the crusades? They drew off many fiery spirits, that 
could never be at rest, prevented many wars, hushed many 
commotions, extinguished animosities and laid a foundation 



33 

Jor social intercourse IMM Kurope.ui nations. They |]m 

oondaeed irers much to weaken the overbearing oobihtj, io ' 
promote eommei ce 1 B/ts, civilization and refinement) to 
rOOte ^<;iii:^. iu expand the mint!, aud to revive suicuce and 
literature. 

CHAPTER III. 

^ HBN did the power of the Ottoman Turk* arise : 
Where did they first make head ' 

What did thei at length beoome? 

From whom did they spring : 

Whore were I hey lir«t established ? 
Who was then nt their head '• 

What «ra» the character of the Ottoman Turk* . : Iu uo — 
— monareha. 

Whieh of them invaded Kurope ? 
Where did Amurath fix the seat oi' his empire ? 
established the janizaries ? 

What is said of the janizaries? They were perhaps— 
— known. 

What is peculiarly remarkable in the history of the Turks 
fur lei eral reigns ? 

What was the character of Bajazet, the son of Amurath? 
m compulsion. 

How large was the army of Bajazet ? 

Who were the Bower of his army ? 

For what Lcrr.a purpose did he mature bil plans ? 

To whom did the emperor of Constantinople apply for 
aid, when that city nras besiesred by Bajazet? 

What offer did Tamerlane make to Bajazet? 

What answer did Bajazet return ? 

How large was the army, with which Tamerlane is said 
to have marched against Bajazet r 

Where did they come to a general battle? Near Angora. 

What is said of tin- greatness «f t lie battle of Angora ? 

What was the issue of the buttle of Angora ? Bajazet — 
— guards. 

How lung did this check of the Turks retard the capture 
of Constantinople ? 

By whom nnd when was Constantinople taken? 

What did the Turks become in the succeeding reigns'? 

Who was the greatest of the Turkish emperors ! 

On what a < ount were the characters of the Turkish em- 
perors extremely unlovely ' All blood. 



34 

How do the Turks appear in mind 1 — Tn manners ? 

What characters now inhabit (hose countries, where the 

U reeks carried literature and philosophy to such perfection ? 

CHAPTER IV. 

WHAT laid the foundation for the revival of letters? 

When was the mariner's compass invented ? 

By whom and where 1 

What was the effect of this invention ? It opened— —light. 

When was the art of printing invented ? 

What is said of the block-printing, that had been long 
practised in China? It bears— —Europe. 

For what purpose have wars generally been waged and 
carried on ? 

If peace should become permanent, what would probably 
be one of the important consequences ? 

To what may be imputed the diversity of languages, man- 
ners and customs ?* 

What is represented as the grandest enterprise ever un- 
dertaken by man ? 

Where was Columbts born? 

From his knowledge of the figure of the earth, what did 
Columbus conjecture? 

How long did he petition the courts of Europe in vain ? 

Who at length furnished him with a small squadron of 
ships ? 

With what did Spain reward him for discovering a new 
world ? 

What have mankind done to mend the matter ? 

CHAPTER V. 

BY what characters was Europe governed during a con- 
siderable part of the 16th century ? Monurchs — government. 

Who were the principal ? 

After the death of Maximilian, who were the two candi- 
dates who aspired to the German throne ? 

What induced Fraacis to hope for success? 

What seemed to pcint out Charles, as the most proper 
candidate ? 

To whom was the crown first MffVred ? 

What is the substance of his reply ? 

•The reason assigned by the author, can hardly be censiJered a* 
the sole cause. 



Who was then ducted } 

What » i-; the eharaoterof Francis I ? Ho was — rashnctv 

\N hat was the r arnit'T of t'harles V ? 

WI141 vrai his MMQMI in his wars with Frnuri* : 

Fur what did the administration of Fraoeil la_\ the foun- 
dation ? 

\\ 'hat w.;s the most fortunate circumstance in the reign 
of Charfc - 

Who pimped thfl compiest of Owmm nliont that timer 

To wha' g| ''at ci y in urrnianv <lul he lav siege? 

What s\ u the eonduet ofSolymaD) when Charles march- 
ed a vast army tgftiMl bin ': 

\\ 'li.it was the religious character of Charles V. ? He — 
—kingdom. 

NVh.it prevented his suppressing the reformation? The 

vast eogagi d. 

By what m ■> Hi did f-ufher begin the reformation ? 

AN bat bad thePope impious! fare this time? 

For wha! [> u | I was the i' indulgences begun hy 

Urban II ? 

How did Lather proceed in I .> • rk of reformation ? Ho 
proceeded power. 

What was his success r Hifl Hp«se. 

IJy what did Mauriee render biatself conspieuous ? By — 
— deigns. 

In what manner did Charles escape from Maurice? 
0\ c r gout. 

What did Charles reeognize at the peace of Passau ? 

What was the most humbling stroke which Charles re- 
ceived in Germany * 

In what was Maoriee superior to Charles? 

Iiy what very extraordinary act did Charles astonish Eu- 
ropr. a Bhort time before !iis death ? 

Why did he probably renounce his vast dominions? 

"Where did lie take up his residence ? 

How did be spend his time? 

During whose reign wai the German empire at its utmost 
height ? 

What have rendered the constitution of the Germanic 
body weak and liable to die solution ? 

Jn what bus German genius excelled that of other nations ? 

"With what had the Spaniards a very hard struggle, after 
the fall of Rome ? 

What ambitious project had long filled the mind of 
Charles ? 



36 

Why did he not succeed ? 

To whom did he abdicate his dominions? 

Whut was the character of Philip? 

By what great exploit did he calculate to render his 
reii^n illustrious ? 

By what two motives was he impelled to this measure ? 

What was the fleet called, whieh he prepared for the in- 
vasion ? 

What did this armada carry ? 

How many of these ships were taken or destroyed by 
Howard and Drake ? 

What became of the rest? 

What else did Philip II. do ? 

What was the consequence ? Those honor. 

How long did they dispute the empire of the sea with 
Britain ? 

What are the Spaniards at this day ? 

Tq what may this degradation be principally imputed ? 

What colonies were ruined by the same means ? 

To what country in Europe was the revival of literature 
least beueficial ? 

Who is said to have been the most voluminous theologi- 
cal writer, that ever lived ? 

F*r what are his writings remarkable ? 

What is the character of the Spaniards ? Crushed — 
—horrors. 

CHAPTER VI. 

WHAT history is more important to us, than that of any 
other country in Europe, except England ? 

What has long been the character of the French ? 

What have long given France, an extensive connexion 
with all the principal concerns of Europe ? 

What king of England conquered France in the first part 
©f the 15th century ? 

Who soon restored the drooping affairs of France ? 

What have the kings of England styled themselves, 
since that time ? 

In what condiiion did Francis I. leave his kingdom ? 

What was the last place in France that was taken from 
the English ? 

By whom ? 

In what year was tlie massacre of St. Bartholomew's ? 

Give some, account of the ivars bdiveen the Protestants and 
Catholics in France ? 



3r 

Who a«cended the throne of France in the midst of these 
commotions i 

\\\ what deception did bonis this eminence? 

When did he issue the famous edict of Nanlz ? 

wliii u as. grant 'I bj thai ediel ? 

By whom and when was Henry IV. assassinated ? I L vail* 
lie tsio. 

\\ bo ineeee I sd Henry IV.? 

Who aided Lewis Xlll. in Brushing the nascent liberties 
i' Prance . : 

How did Leu is cited this ? He men. 

\\ ha was at the head of the (asanas Protestant league, 
farm d among the northern powers 

Who formed the plan ofthis combination ? 

Who is sometimes called the Augustus of modern times! 

To what has the glory of France been essentially owing 1 

What was the character nf the reign of Lewis XIV. ' 

What was his eondnet toward oilier governments! He 
Ion ml cajoled. 

Wh<> was king of England at that lime? 

What parties in England were the tools of Lewis XIV.? 

What was the most nutorious act of injustice of which 
Lewis XI V. was goiltj ' 

What was the efl'ccl upon the Protestants ? They in- 
habitants. 

\\ hat was the condition of Lewis XIV. in the latter part 
if his rei^n ' For fortune. 

What two men were greatly instrumental of humbling 
Lewis \|\ . 

What wan the character of Lewis XV. » 

When did Lewi-* \\ I. aseend the throne? 

What was the character ofLewioXVl.? 

Why are nun aceustomed to submit to BO much oppres- 
sion, rapacity and cruelty from If rants 1 Because des- 
truction. * v 

What oppressions had the French long endured ? The 

clergy aristocracy. 

From what motive did many (. ^ke part in the French rev- 
olution ? 

\\ hat was a powerful mover of the revoluti >n 1 
M hat was the utinoflt wish i f-ihe :nore enlightened people 
in FraiM-e. with regard to t he improvement of their politi- 
cal condition ? 



*Tlus answer must be received with soi ie limi 
D 



38 

What was the condition of the poor laborer? He was of- 
ten bread. 

What else had a very powerful influence in bringing a- 
bout the revolution ? 

What did the infidels conceal under a robe that might ap- 
pear pure and spotless ? 

What did they set up as the only deity? 

What did they wish? To bring vice. 

Who were infected with this spirit of infidelity and phi- 
losophism ? If king. 

Give some account of the manner, in which the American 
revolution might have had an influence, in promoting that of 
France. 

How do multitudes of men view republicanism? 

CHAPTER VII. 
WHAT are we to understand by the northern powers % 
When have they made some figure in history? 
Who has been called the Semiramis of the north ? 
Of what countries was she acknowledged queen ? 
What does Dr. Robertson call the north of Europe? 
How many distinguished Swedes were executed together 
by Christian 11. ? 

What became of Christian II.? He soou prison. 

Who rescued the Swedes from the yoke of Denmark? 
Give some account of the manner, in which he delivered his 

country. 

What was the character of his reign ? 

What great characters merit a lower place in the tern 
pie of fame, than Gustavus Vasa ? 

Give some account of the wonderful methods, adopted by 
Peter the Great, for the good nf his people. 

How old was Gustavus Adolphus, when he ascended the 

throne P m ' .. «; , ' x . . 

Give some account of the state of his kingdom at his acces- 
sion. . a 

What did the great Adolphus show on this occasion ? 

What, was the object of the Protestant league, of whieh 
Gustavus was the head ? 

To what great warrior may Gustavus be compared, or 

■preferred ? 

How was Gustavus estimated, after his death ? 

With whom did the fame and prosperity of Sweden seem 

to expire ? 



39 

Wh > yej 'he character of Charles XII.? Probably — 
- — w nr. Headlong advantage 

lit \% Ji ;i C mav 1 1 1 ~, whole (il.ui of Operation! bfl traced; 

Where wu Charles defeated] ind his army ehnosl des- 
troyed . : 

Wh.ii influence bed the conduct of Charles upon Swedes i 
The ditejten 1 eeox ered. 

In what <!id Peter most display Ihe grandeur of bis mind ? 

N\ fiat appeared to be the grand obieel of all hii exeriions? 

Wbst empress of Russia has slmost eclipsed the glory of 
: ihe Ureal ? 

What Prioee of Russia is thought to have eclipsed all his 
it m . : Alexander. 

CIl kPTER VIII. 
WHAT is the history of most nation! ? 
In what history n Ihe mind often relieved wiili a most 
pleasing rarietj of prospect? 
Of what do the English exhibit a surprising and illustri- 

>im|i!e : 

How long has Britain held au important rank among tho 
nations of t be can h ? 

Who was at Ihe head of the Saxon .heptarchy in they car 
BOO. 

By whom were the successors of Egbert exceedingly har- 
1 

W ho was the deliverer of his country, and the father of 
[he English constitution t 

Give, some account of his defeating the Danes ? 

Who bunded the university of Oxford ? 

What mode of trial did be revive? 

For what did he do his utmost ' 

How long were Alfred's successors employed in wars with 
Lhe l):t 

With u hat success ? 

When did Canute complete the conquest of England? In 
mi:. 

How many Danish kings reigned in England ? 

Who wi-> the next Saxon king ? 

Who succeeded Edward the Confessor? 

Who invaded England in 10 

Give some account of the buttle of Hastings. 

By what was William kept in continual alarms, after the 
conquest ' 



40 

How did William treat the English, after the conquest? 
He deeply kingdom. 

What ii;le is generally given to William I. ? 

What were the Henries and Edwards? 

What three parlies were engaged in continual struggles, 
during a considerable period after the conquest ? 

What form of government is probably the worst ? 

What was the condition of the English, while the gov- 
ernment leaned toward aristocracy ? The Normans. 

Who give a fatal blow to the power and influence of lha 
great lords ? 

How did he do this ? 

What was the character of Edward III? He is called— 
• — enemies. 

What was the peculiar felicity of the English ? 

In what contemptible reign was laid the corner stone of 
English liberty ? 

What is the Magna Charfa F 

What (hies it demonstrate ? 

What is meant by the, wars of the roses ? Civil wars be- 
tween the houses of York and Lancaster. 

For what were these wars? 

How long did the wars of the roses continue ? 

When were (he wars of the roses ended ? 

What w:.s the character of Henry VII. ? " He was a great 
and good k,ings 'lhe happiness of his people was the guide 
oj i:i-. conduct; and tho he loved money, it is certain that 
no monarch ever contributed more to the establishment of 
commerce, to the encouragement of industry, and to the pro- 
tection of arts." 

With what advantages did Henry VIII. commence his 
reign? His kingdom abilities. 

What was the character of Henry VIII? He was r 

sentment. 

For what great object was he employed by Providence? 

What were his most celebrated exploits? 

How did the separation between Henry and the pope 
commence ? Henry divorced pope. 

How low does Henry deserve to sink in the shades of in- 
famv, for his cruelties and crimes ? 

Who succeeded Henry VIII. ? Edward VI. called Ed- 
ward the Pious. 

What was his character ? Considering his youth, he was 
a prodigy of intelligence and piety. 



•n 
\i v\ li.U Ige did lie (lie ? 

Who succeeded Edward i he Pious? 

AN hal is the styled : 

Fur what was her administration distinguished • 
>Vlin were the Imse instrument! of her cruellies ' 
Who succeeded the bloody Mary ? 

At what 1 1 

How lone ditl Elizabeth reign ? 

Whet were the chief traits of her sdninistratioa ? 

What is said of her ^o\ eminent ? Few hand. 

Whsi imperfections were blended with these excellencies^ 

What important objects wore accomplished uuder her 
administration ? The internal fleets. 

Who succeeded Fli/.abalh ? 

What was the only great exploit, in which James excel- 
led oilier men ? 

Give some account of the powder plot. 

What was the character of James ? 

For what did Jaunt's administration lay the foundation? 

To what did Charles I. fall a sacrifice ? 

What was the English government called after the des- 
truction of monarchy ? Commonwealth. 

Who was at the head of the Commonwealth ? Oliver 
Cromwell. 

What was he called? Protector. 

What was his character ? '• He rivalled the greatest of the 
English raonarehs in glory, and made himself courted and 
led by the nations around him." 

Who became kin;;, at the restoration of monarchy ? 

What was the character of Charles 11 ? He was ex- 
tremely virions, and probably a Catholic at heart, though a 
professed Protestant* 

Who succeeds.] Charles II ? 

Why was James II deposed? "He was arbitrary. cruel and 
oppressive, and in his wish to establish the Roman Catholic 
religion, invaded the rights and privileges of his subjects." 

Who succeeded James II.? 

What name is generally yiven to the change that then 
took place in the iin^li-h government ? The Revolution. 

What high eneominm does iilackstoue pass upon the En- 
glish government ? 

What has been the progress of the British in the arts and 
sciences, siiu-e the commencement of the 17;h century ? It 
has calculation. 



12 

What was their national debt in 17'J9 ? 

How many vessels of war belonged to the British navy in 
1H14 ? More than looo. 

What countries has Britain subdued, or rendered tributa- 
ry by means of naval power ? 

What has her India-trade produced ? 

How will the reign oi' George 111. probably be considered 
in history ? 

What is the character ol'George III. ? He has not gov- 

srument. 

CHAPTER IX. 

FROM what time has the Ecclesiastical State been one 
of the most powerful aud important in the world ? 

What are we to understand by the woman called in the 
Rev. Mystery, Babylon the great, flee. 

What was symbolized by the beast, on which 9he rode ? 

What enormous power did the pope claim and pretend to 
axercise in relation to kings ? To absolve pleasure. 

What was the condition of a nation, that the pope had 
laid under an interdict ? 

What other enormous power was claimed by the pope ? 
To pardon hell. 

Wbat are some of the indignities, which princes have re- 
ceived from the pope ? 

What has been the. state of popery since the reformation ? 

To what is the bishop of Rome reduced ? Nearly em- 
pires. 

What has been the chief pride and glory of men in all 
ages ? 

In what are all eveuts employed by Providence ? 

CHAPTER X. 

HOW long has Europe excelled the rest of the world in 
knowledge ? 

What proportion of the Greeks and Romans could proba- 
bly read and w rite ? 

What proportion of the Europeans can probably read and 
write ? 

Who are the most igiorant people in Europe? 

What is their condition ? 

How should they be eucouraged ?. 



■\\ Dllld not knowledge tend (o e\ril<< -»ijp!i penOM to se- 
dition, dieloj altj , treason and rebellion i Bxperienee ne- 

■ 1 1 . \ a . 

What is tin-* eonditioi of the people of New-England ? 

W!i it reason ii assigned for this superiority ? 

Why are there but lew indusfriona nationa in Europe? 

What is said of the indu&tn of the Dutch . 

What people are [he must todustrioua in Europe? 

If a people have kuowledgej virtue and industry, what 
Nil be the sousequenee? They millions. 

what baa been the most fruitful sovran of war? 

Wh.nl is >ui>l of the tbarge, that monarehies uro moro ao- 
dieted in \>ar, than other governmenta . : 

To what doea an independent itate owe its safety? 

How <1d eonquesta generallj effect the conquered? 

1 he eonqaerora . : 

What eminent instance lias there been in Asia, in which 
both partiea have been benefitted? 

What baa given liberty the severest blow, it ever re- 
seii ed ' 

What extensive modern kingdom bus conquered itself? 

What -^ Ii on til be the inotto of the government of Den- 
mark and Sweden ' 

>\ bat should be tbe motto of their people ? 

What have Sjiin and Portugal been for a century past ? 

What has been the course of the parties in France since 
the beginning of the revolution £ They have rushed — des- 
potism ? 

What is probably the only form of government, under 
whie i the French can live? 

What remark is made concerning great revolutions ? They 
lespise events. 

CHAPTER XL 

WII VT nations possess A si ; ? The Russians globe. 

Wl at is the Bjovernuient of Russia ? 

How has ii been administered for 100 years? 

What ia the state of the Asiatic Russians? They are 
yet savage. 

What is their religion P \Itho worship. 

What is the state of Asiatic Russia, with regard to im- 
provement ? It is dssree. 

What was the comparative benefit which Peter conferred 
upoa his empire? No mere. 



44 

To what degree did Peter raise his empire r 

How must the people in ihe west of Asia appear to aa 

eye, that can take in 300b years ? Like another. 

What is said of that simile? The simile countries. 

After the wars of the Saracens and crusades, who over- 
run western Asia ? 

What were the capitals of their four kingdoms ? 

In what did these institutions perish ? 

Who arose from their ashes ? 

What is the condition of the people of Turkey ? They 

are miserable description. 

To what injuries are the Turks exposed ? They are lia- 
ble assigned. 

What is the character of the Turks ? Dark expression. 

What is the condition of professed christians iu Turkey ? 
Truly deplorable. 

Is (he Turkish power most on the decline in Europe or 
in Asia ? 

What is a remarkable circumstance respecting the Arabs ? 
Give some account of the attempts of Amuraili II. to con- 
quer Arabia. 

Who were probably the most scientific people in the 
world, during the dark ages ? 

Why is the present state of Arabia very little known ? It 

is both -country. 

How have the Persians greatly distinguished themselves 

from most of the ancient nations ? They have .ration. 

W hat arms have the Persians been able to resist ? 
When did K-uili Khan ascend the Persian throne ? 
Character" of the Persians? 

What is probably the condition of the people in Persia ? 
What is said of their religion ? 
Character of the Persian government ? 
What were the Tartars ancienl'y called? 
What has bceu their character iu all ages ? Surprisingly 
an i form. 

Present character of the Tartars ? But little better than 
lavages* 

Of what does their property consist ? 
W r hat is the prospect of their improvement? There— 
— civilization.* 

To what does the Indus give name ? To one of — Asia. 

* The prospect has lately become more encouraging. 



45 

In what ilo the riches of India consist ? In the natural — 

jeW r|>. 

w h.ii splendid eity was once thu grand deposit of ths 

weal li of I lie BMl ? 

Wlio was the la -.t monarch of Palmyra ? 

1W v\ li.i t power i* I lie naval commerce of India almost 
entirely engrossed . : 

What |t rts of [ndit are bill liitlo known ? 

Bl whom has India b. en invaileJ I 

What invasion of India will be attended with the most 
serious eoneequenc 

Whnl is saiil to be the most predominant crime among 
the Hindoos i 

In whi I hinese empire peculiarly won- 
derful : \N it fa regard I i length industry. 

How long has China been a great and flourishing empire? 

Population of China? Probably about 160 millions. 

Bow ie the various orders of people iu China distin- 
guished ? 

B) what i- the Ireas of the Chinese regulated? 

Character of the Chinese monarchy? Though absolute 
it seems world. 

How is the emperor regarded ? 

Of whom is the government extremely jealous ? 

Ho* do the Chinese feel with regard to improvements? 
The> despise maxims. 

What i> their religion ? 

What "is ihe eause of barring the doors of China against 
Christian d lions . 

In what respeefa has the Creator distinguished Asia 
above ihe other quarters of the globe ? Here the grand— 
— dory. 

What country may in some respects be called the France 
of Asia . 

To what has it been owing, that the nations of Asia 
have never sunk so low into a savage state, as many others ? 

To what do the eyes of the Asiatics seem forever closed ? 

In what do they place the sum of happiness ? Rest. 

What must the Asiatics think of Christianity, if they 
judge from the conduct of most of the Kuropeans, who have 
visited them ? They must conclude it to be a cluke — worst; 

CHAPTER XII. 
ON* what are the sands of Africa making encroachments ? 
What does Africa now present to the eve of the traveller ? 



46 

What knowledge have th« Egyptians ? 

Of what do tin- Egyptians exhibit an astonishing specimen? 

Under what do they seem to be crushed ? 

Character of the Abyssinians ? They are overwhelm- 
ed race. 

What is the moral and intellectual prospect from Abys- 
synia to the cape of Good Hope ? Nearly the same as ia 
Abyssinia. 

Give a description of the desert of Sahara? It is an 
immense monsters. 

What does the religion of Ethiopia and Abyssinia re- 
motely resemble. 

What is the government of every part of Africa ? 

How do (he middle and southern nations of Africa spend 
their strength and exhaust their rage ? 

What do they do with their captives ? 

What is the alternative with regard to the proper treat- 
ment oi'the Birbary powers ? 

What is said of the slave trade ? If ever that. 

What *vas the only free government that ever existed ia 
Africa ? 

To what do the Africans seem condemned ? 

What have Africans to expect from more enlightened 
nations? Nothing but misery.* 

What is probahly the principal cause, that has impaired 
the meutal powers of the Africans ? 

What causes have produced the color of the Africans ? 

By whom can Africa be delivered ? 

CHAPTER XIIL 

IN what does the continent of America abound ? 

What were the inhabitants of America, when discover- 
ed by Columbus ? 

What American nations were most improved ? 

Give some account of the Spanish conquests in America 
Under honor. 

By whom h.;ve the TJuited States been settled ? 

By whom were the first settlers daily strengthened? 

What was the character of this people, 150 years afte 
the first settlement ? 

*The learner will remember that this Compend was writte: 
several years ago. Great things have since been done for poo, 
Africa, and vast! v more may be anticipated. 



What kiml of exactions did the British make upon us at 
ili;ii i in 

l'»\ whom were those measures condemned, betide! Amer- 
ican- . : 

When was 'inr independence declared \ 

Where did Hi it aia attack usi Vt peek rear. 

AN hat did Washington do for I is country during the rev- 
Tiry struggle? He led victory. 

What erere eoineof our d ffieultjee in 'lie early part of 
our struggle i If we looked resources. 

1 1 • > w ii en nncuee i lul at tempi at liberty to be regarded? 

"\\ h.it difiereul ronduel should Ihe British have pursued 
|e reduce the revolted eoloaieei The] should gentle. 

Who were the aggress 

1>\ e 1 1 -Mil e at i his confessed ? 

Fur what did they urge it ? As a reason- — ■ — lenity. 

What did Ihe British vainly imagine r 

"\\ hat i- sn i <l of ihe aid of France . : 

How long have the mutual ammo-Hies of France nnd 
England embroiled Europe . : 

"What (!i\idcd the attention and resoarces of England, at 
thai i ime ? 

Whal effect had that war upon us ? We were — thereby. 

Whal greatly revived ihe spirits and animated the hopes 
of the American- J 

W hat pul an end to the war ? 

"When the first articles of confederation were found inad- 
. w hut was done ! The states convention. 

Whit especially disappointed the hopes of our enemies? 

"What had t hey predicted P 

"Wiiat is the state of the British colonies in America? 
Generally Rpeaking it extreme. 

Whal will men do for wealth ? They will dive sand. 

What should the name of this Continent have been call- 
ed? 

To what should the name Columbia be applied, if not to 
the eonliuenl ' 

V. hai two moments have past, in either of* which a name 
might have been permanently given to t lie United States? 

Wha is one of the most intricate and obscure (juestions 
in histor\ ' 

What forms the most important interest of the United 
Stales ? 

What art is susceptible of the greatest improrcment ? 



48 
What is the greatest fault in the agriculture of the Unit- 

Whut is the commerce of the United States? 

M hi t city appears to he more rapidly advancing in com- 
merce than any other? a 

from what do our advantages for commerce arise ? From 
an eitenike sea-coast. large rivers, materials for shin- 
building, the produce of the country, and character of the 
mhalntants. 

What is the literaJure of the United States? 

In what respect is it peculiarly favorable? 

To what part does this remark apply with peculiar force ? 

V ;VHat ,st «e ignorance of the common people a prelude » 

y hat would be the effect if all the states should estab- 
lish schools by law ? In many deplore. 

What is a material defect in our system of education ? 

What may be considered as the cause, and as the effect of 
increasing taste and information in this country? 

Why is eminent erudition rarely acquired in this country ? 

To what are newspapers too often devoted ? 

What has been a reflection sometimes cast upon our col- 
leges ? 

In what respects is oHr government without a parallel ? 
In its nature, origin and excellence. 

What are the respective excellencies of the three prima- 
ry forms of government ? 

What does our government combine ?* 

How are foreigners treated in this country ? With a re- 
markable degree of sympathy, kindness and 'liberality. 

What influence will an influx of foreigners be likely to 
have upon the people, among whom they settle ? If they 
are interfere. 

What was ihe effect of numerous emigrations upon an- 
eient Rome ? The majesty foreigners. 

What is the character of foreigners in this country? For 
the imprudence. 

How is the frame of our government to be regarded ? 

* What Mr. W. here denominates aristocracy,is so different from 
the aristocracies of other countries both in nature and tendency, 
as to be und serving- the name. It seems much more correct, to 
say, that the Carjbag'mian or Roman republic was partly aristo- 
cratic, if ever there was a government that might properly be 
called republican, it is doubtless ours. f 



49 

Willi would be the consequence of committing our gov- 
arnment wholly to strangers ? Rninouf. 

What evils woo Id triae from iuveatiag every Foreigner 

with I IBM tivil olliee, soon after liis arrival ? First di>- 

eh • i ; I 

With what are t!i^ ideaa of law ami government general- 
ly aaaoeiated in the minds of foreigners .- 

How da they generally vien liberty i 

With these views, what does the foreigner attempt? To 

Bten<l things. 

From what should foreigners be exonerated? 

On what does the happiness of elective government! de- 
pend ? 

With Whtt ar.' votes often purchased of ignorant, indi- 
gent, vJaiotM men ? 

How does history opeti various} sources of pleasure to 
taste ? As it abounds grandeor. 

How does history assist experience? By presenting — 
—events. 

Upon what principle may wo judge of the future by the 
past au.l preseot ? 

What does history strongly inculcate ? 

What does history show us with regard to men elevated 
on the summit of earthly glory ? That they are— —life. 

From what does history tend to i'\-^ti the mind ? 

"W hat is it suited to make a man feel ! 

What do human affairs resemble, by the light of history? 

What does the light of history disclose? The features — 
— politician. 

What studies are mutual auxiliaries in expanding and en- 
riching the mind ': 

To what period of life is the study of history peculiarly 
adapted ? Youth. 

What objects seem to call for the utmost exertion of our 
intellectual powers ? The being conscious being. 

What is the general disease or our race ? 

Considered as appertaining to the mind, in what does (rue 
religion con-;-; ? 

To what does the propensity to neglect religious studies 
extend itself? 

Whit excuse do men generally make for, neglecting reli- 
gion and mental culture ? 

What is generally the fact - : They have thought. 

- For what beuevoleut purpose was the Sabbath instituted - : 
E 



60 

How is the Sabbath spent bv most men, who pretend that 
thev have no time to improve their minds ? 

What is one of the most importaul questions that a man 
tin ask himself? 

What is the most excellent ami important of all books ? 

What does it contain ? 

What species of reading is next in importance to divinity ? 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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